The Psychological perspective of movie The Pursuit of...

The Psychological perspective of movie The Pursuit of Happiness An amazing movie, The Pursuit of Happiness illustrates through the examples of Chris Gardener s life that anyone has the opportunity to achieve their own pursuit of happiness, if they have self-motivation and determination. Happiness is not something that can be pursued. We already have all the capacity for happiness that we need. Happiness comes from within, and from being content with oneself. People can choose to be happy or choose to be miserable. But to be happy or to be sad they need to have particular motivation or self-determination for it. Motivation is defined as a desire or need which directs towards a goal or something that someone wants. Motivation is an†¦show more content†¦The another great example of being determined is when Chris trusted the hippie girl with one of his bone scanners and when the hippie ran away with the scanner, he did not just sit back and lose his faith. He runs after that lady and finally gets his scanner back. The third example of being determined is when Chris kept calling although many people such as his manager keep distracting him from his work and turned him down, but he never gives up and ended up getting business from a CEO of a big company which shows that what determination brings to him. Chris Gardner had hope and motivation not to give up. He was very hopeful and optimistic individual and never gave up throughout his life. He decided what he wanted to do and he actually went for it. Even though his motivations for being in the stock market were not the correct ones, but it still even didn t drag him to despair. An admirable illustration that proves Chris Gardner really is a hopeful and Optimistic person is when Chris s wife had left him and he did not break down. He in fact was totally optimistic and did as far as conceivable to take care of his child as a single parent. Further example for Chris Gardner s optimistic nevertheless hopeful individuality is when he took a chance of an internship that offered no salary, and he took that job even though he was literally broke. The third impressive example would be when one of hisShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay2369 Words   |  10 Pagesantecedents to the reactions of others that follow, whe ther positive or negative. The Great Gatsby, in written and film form, is a testament to the innate desire of people to possess that which they perceive will bring them happiness regardless of the true physical and psychological results. The perception of the American dream is encompassed in a world devoid of moral balance seen through the eyes of a pessimistic bystander, Nick Carraway, and lived out through a group of characters representing someRead MoreVertigo As The Archetypal Mystery2013 Words   |  9 Pages Vertigo as the Archetypal Mystery Christopher O’Neil Introduction to Film Prof. Michael O’Donnell March 16th, 2015 Alfred Hitchcock s Vertigo is a classic movie of the mystery genre. The film takes what appears to be a relatively conventional mystery plot and enacts a process whereby it proceeds to continually fold it within itself in order to develop a film that appears to change its nature several times, but that nonetheless continues to perpetuate a sense of mysteryRead MoreYouth and Mall Culture4177 Words   |  17 PagesI was concerned about this too; I wanted to know to what extent the malls influenced the young people. CHAPTER-2 THE IMPACT OF MALLS ON YOUTH 1. Introduction There have been some studies done on this current issue looking at it from different perspectives. However there is a felt dearth in scientifically valid data especially in the Indian scenario. This being a comparatively newer topic in India there aren’t yet any scientifically studied data available. All we have is some articles written byRead MoreEssay about The Results of Children in Fatherless Homes16087 Words   |  65 PagesDifficulties that are associated with family breakup often persist into adulthood. Children who grow up in single-parent or stepparent families are less successful as adults, particularly in the two domains of life—love and work—that are most essential to happiness. Needless to say, not all children experience such negative effects. However, research shows that many children from disrupted families have a harder time achieving intimacy in a relationship, forming a stable marriage, or even holding a steady jobRead MoreOrganisational Behav ioure23151 Words   |  93 Pagesexperience. Affect can be experienced in the form of emotions or moods. Emotions †¢ Caused by specific event †¢ Very brief in duration (seconds or minutes) †¢ Specific and numerous in nature (many specific emotions such as anger, fear, sadness, happiness, disgust, surprise) †¢ Usually accompanied by distinct facial expressions †¢ Action-oriented in nature Moods †¢ Cause is often general and unclear †¢ Last longer than emotions (hours or days) †¢ More general (two main dimensions— positiveRead MoreWitness by Peter Weir Notes12043 Words   |  49 Pagesshot, limited dialogue, a close up, and ‘Mise-en-scà ¨ne’, to convey this height of their relationship and this stage in the film. * Peter Weir – â€Å"if the audience cannot understand how Rachel and Book feel towards each other at this point in the movie... then I have done a bad job† Sound: * Diegeticsound within the actual scene e.g. the image of waves and you hear waves crashing on the sand. * Non-diegeticmusic used to create moods or affects such as background music. Setting: * WitnessRead MorePlenary Session69346 Words   |  278 Pagesconsistently tries to see the underlying possibilities and the scope available in each situation will be able to see the right path to take with each person and situation in their life. This will always lead them to toward closer relationships, happiness and great achievements. The key to personal growth for the ENFJ is competent execution of Introverted Intuition. Because it is often hard to define what this represents subjectively to each person, here are some action-oriented suggestions that willRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesSelf-Assessment Library What’s My Emotional Intelligence Score? 115 An Ethical Choice Schadenfreude 120 Point/Counterpoint Sometimes Blowing Your Top Is a Good Thing 122 Questions for Review 121 Experiential Exercise Who Can Catch a Liar? 123 Ethical Dilemma Happiness Coach es for Employees 123 Case Incident 1 Is It Okay to Cry at Work? 124 Case Incident 2 Can You Read Emotions from Faces? 124 S A L S A L 5 Personality and Values 131 Personality 133 What Is Personality? 133 †¢ The Myers-BriggsRead MoreMarketing Is A Societal Process10294 Words   |  42 Pagesas a family instead of just a customer by the business. Next, some business like Coca-Cola keeps their customers in mind because they have some machines that you hug them, and that ties the Coca-Cola brand to their theme to the core of emotion of happiness, but it also shows customers that they can buy anything and still experience the real products offline. Most businesses realize that with the new technology that’s out now make customers shop more online instead of the stores. So that made themRead MoreLanguage of Advertising20371 Words   |  82 PagesStyle†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.60 3. Newspaper Style†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.60 4. Scientific Prose Style†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦60 5. The style of official documents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦60 Chapter XI. Psychology and Advertising†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.62 1. Social Psychological factors underlying the impact of advertising†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.62 1.1. Advertising: appealing to fun and pleasure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦64 1.2. Advertising: appealing to vanities and egos†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..66 2. Advertising and hypnosis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.67 3

The Benefits Of Parole And Its Effect On Society - 2595 Words

An overview of Parole Ever since its inception, parole has been subject to support and criticism due to its impact on society and some of the implications it may have. In this essay, the concept of parole will be defined. Also, some of the many positive and negative arguments will be thoroughly described both drawing information from State, Federal, and international sources. At the end of this paper, the level of utilisation in Australia of parole will be discussed and whether or not it is overly utilised or not utilised enough. Following a conclusion summarising the overall discussion. Parole can be defined as the conditional release of a prisoner from custody after their minimum term of the sentence has expired. Its purpose is to provide prisoners with an incentive to attempt to rehabilitate, in which they would be released into society early. Parole is successfully implemented through the constant supervision of the parolee in which they remain subject to the authority of the parole board. If, they do not abide by their conditions they face the consequences of being integrated back into the prison population until they are again considered worthy of societal integration. (Simpson, 1999). However in Queensland, not all offenders are automatically entitled to parole. If, a sentence of an offender is three years or less they are automatically entitled to parole. There are two different ways in which parole is given in Australia: court ordered parole and boardShow MoreRelatedDefinition Of Adult Probation And Parole953 Words   |  4 PagesCorrections (Probation and Parole), 2015). Such census would provide valuable information regarding the current state of the community corrections program: probation. As stated before in this research, both probation and parole have imperfections which prevent further controversies to arise. Nonetheless, these two programs remain the two most commonly sought out community corrections programs since as early as the 18th century. Controversies with Community Corrections: Probation and Parole When juvenilesRead MoreExpanding Funding For Alternatives For Incarceration Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pagesattitudes (Chen Shapiro, 2007). This is an important reason that first time offenders with non-violent history should be given community service not incarceration. The US prison population is made up of 35% of probation violators (Lawrence, 2008). The effect is non-violent offenders become educated by the long time offenders. Often time’s offenders are released knowing more about criminal activities than when he/she entered prison. Community service options are also more cost effective than incarcerationRead MoreCorrections : The Controversies Of Offenders901 Words   |  4 PagesCommunity Corrections: The Controversies of Offenders Sentenced to Probation or Parole When the English common law emerged, it declared that the King had the ultimate authority over children, and; thus, children were assets. Throughout centuries, children were considered â€Å"little adults,† and â€Å"property,† consequently, exploitation of children as laborers was a customary occurrence. Families who were in severe poverty saw child labor as a necessity (Davin, 2008). During colonial times, children wereRead MoreEssay Parole Should Be Abolished1714 Words   |  7 PagesParole Should Be Abolished The procedure known as â€Å"parole† in the criminal justice system has been in practice in the United States since the late 1800’s when it was begun in a reformatory in Elmira, New York. It’s process provides for early conditional release from prison for convicted felons, after part of their prison sentence has been served, and they are found to be eligible for parole based on factors such as: conduct while incarcerated, rehabilitative efforts/progress, type of offenseRead MoreCommunity Supervision of Law Violators vs. Incarceration Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pagesadvantages and prevent the disadvantages of incarceration. There are both advantages and disadvantages to community corrections and incarceration. I support community corrections because I believe it has more positives outcomes and less negative effects than incarceration. Community corrections have more advantages over incarceration and fewer disadvantages. Incarcerating people isn’t working that well and the biggest reason is the overcrowding of prisons. According to a chart in Schmalleger’sRead MoreEssay on The advantages and disadvantages of probation and parole1175 Words   |  5 PagesThe advantages and disadvantages of probation and parole What is probation? Probation is a court order sentencing that consist of the defendant to either serve or complete the remaining sentence of imprisonment in a supervised community. The defendant that’s assigned to completing a probation sentence will be under supervision of an officer of the court; which are referred to as a Probation Officer. Probation is one of the most common criminal sentencing processes in the United States. A probationRead MorePunishment Versus Rehabiliation1445 Words   |  6 Pagesaffects victims and their family. I will also discuss how it affects offenders, the impact it has on society, and the fiscal impact upon society. Punishment and rehabilitation helps the inmate in different ways. This will show both pros and cons to punishment and rehabilitation. Punishment versus Rehabilitation The criminal justice system uses two objectives, these are punishment and rehabilitation. Society looks at these two with high prospects but the question is will the justice system live up toRead MoreProbation And Parole Have The Luxury Of Allowing Criminals1124 Words   |  5 Pages Probation and parole have the luxury of allowing criminals to avoid prison time or to be released from prison after serving a limited amount of time from their prison sentence. Probation and parole don’t only have a job to do whereas, its much like a goal hence, to rehabilitate offender, guide them back into society, life skills and training and preparation. This transition can be very frustrating and difficult especially when the ex-offender has been locked away in prison for a long period of timeRead MoreReentry and the American Prison System1613 Words   |  6 Pagesprocess in which individuals return to communities from prison or jail custody, with the goal of reintegrating into society. In addition to feelings of fear, anxiety and uncertainty, this process can be further complicated by the many indirect legal consequences of a criminal conviction, sometimes called collateral consequences, which can inhibit an individuals ability to reenter society. Upon release, a majority of prisoners will not have anyone or anyplace to go home to. and housing is one ofRead MoreRehabilitation Paper1578 Words   |  7 Pagesmedical model where crime was assumed to be the effect of an underlying pathology of offenders that could be analyzed and treated (Seiter, 2011). Offenders were thought to be sick and in need of treatment to get ready to return to the community as useful, law-abiding citizens. There is now an applied variety of treatment programs used by correctional agencies to improve offenders and to provide them with the tools needed to be positive members of society (Seiter, 2011). These programs for inmates include

World History-High Middle Ages Free Essays

WORLD HISTORY – UNIT 3: THE MEDIEVAL WORLD HIGH MIDDLE AGES: MONARCHIES AND THE CHURCH In the midst of this setting, medieval countries began to emerge. England and France began to develop strong monarchal systems of government. Spain and Portugal emerged as monarchies near the end of the Middle Ages. We will write a custom essay sample on World History-High Middle Ages or any similar topic only for you Order Now Germany and Italy never developed strong monarchies. Here are your goals for this lesson:  ·Identify key political leaders, especially of France and England, during the High Middle Ages.  ·Identify key personalities of the Christian church during the High Middle Ages. interdict[-0]|In a religious sense, to cut off church functions or privileges. | [-1][-2] [-3][-4] France. As the Carolingian Empire declined and the rulers weakened, a split occurred in the region of France between two factions. One faction supported Charles the Simple; the other supported the Count of Paris. This second faction eventually won out and a new family of Capetian kings ruled the kingdom of France. The Capetian kings ruled France for over three hundred years from 987[-5] to 1328[-6]. Hugh Capet, the Count of Paris, was elected king by the French nobles in 987[-7]. Capet formed alliances with other nobles and began extending his territory through warfare. His strength was in his feudal alliances and in the support given him by the church. He insured Capet succession by crowning his eldest son associate king. The early Capetian kings ruled as lord among other lords rather than a sovereign. The anointing of each king by the church set them apart from the others. The first strong Capetian king was Louis VI (Louis the Fat). Louis VI ruled from 1108[-8]-1137[-9] and established the strong leadership needed to lay the foundation of royal power in France. He gained complete control over the lle de France, the area around Paris, and established it as the center of royal law. Philip II (Philip Augustus) grandson of Louis VI, ruled from 1180[-10]-1223[-11] and began expanding the kingdom. He captured Normandy, Anjou, and some of the other English territories in France. Philip Augustus also founded the University of Paris, and in 1200[-12] began construction of the Louvre, the palace of the French Kings. The Capetian kings proved themselves stronger than the feudal lords. They encouraged the development of towns so that king and townspeople could be allies against the feudal nobility. Another Capetian king, Louis IX (St. Louis), ruled from 1226[-13] to 1270[-14] and was considered the ideal king of his age. He is famous for enacting judicial reforms that allowed both rich and poor to receive equal justice. He also led the Seventh and Eighth Crusades. He was considered a saint during his lifetime and was canonized by the Roman Church in 1297[-15], less than thirty years after his death. In 1328[-16], the Capetian dynasty ended because the king left no male heir. The house of Valois claimed the throne because Philip VI , of the house of Valois, was the nephew of Philip the Fair. Ap World History Units 1-3 Study Guide iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/ap-world-history-units-1-3-study-guide/embed/#?secret=eEVpB0TuyU" data-secret="eEVpB0TuyU" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Ap World History Units 1-3 Study Guide#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe However, Edward III of England, also claimed the throne because he was the grandson of Philip the Fair. Edward III paying homage to Philip VI This double claim to the throne led to The Hundred Years’ War, which lasted from 1338[-;17]-1453[-;18]. Many long and bitter battles were fought between England and France, all on French soil. The English dominated the war until 1429[-;19], gaining large territories in France. In 1429[-;20], however, a young girl, Joan of Arc, led an army to break the English siege at Orleans and insured the coronation of Charles VII. Joan was captured by pro-English Frenchmen, led by the Duke of Burgundy. She was then turned over to the English, who returned her to the French for a trial. She was burned at the stake in 1431[-;21]. During a second trial in 1456[-;22], she was re-tried and declared innocent. The events of 1429[-;23] were the turning point of the Hundred Years’ War for France. From this point France regained territory and won the war in 1453[-24]. France had gained a true national spirit by this time. The monarchy was firmly established. Louis XI, who ruled from 1461[-25] to 1483[-26], finally achieved a united France in 1477[-27] when he defeated Charles the Bald of Burgundy. England. King Alfred’s successors ruled England until 1016[-;28]. In 1013[-;29] and 1014[-;30] England was overrun by the Danes once more when the king, Ethelred the Unready, fled to Normandy. The English Witan accepted the Dane Canute (Cnut) as king of England in 1016[-;31]. Canute ruled a united Danish kingdom that included Norway, Denmark, and England. During his reign, 1016[-;32]-1035[-;33], England was peaceful. When Canute died, however, his two sons were incompetent and tyrannical. When the last son died in 1042[-;34], the English Witan chose Edward, the son of Ethelred the Unready, as King. Edward, the Confessor, ruled from 1042[-;35] to 1066[-;36]. The power, however, rested largely with the strongest earl, Godwin, Earl of Wessex, and later with his son, Harold Godwinson. When Edward died leaving no heir, Harold became king. Shrine of Edward, the Confessor Harold was not the only claimant to the English throne. Both William, Duke of Normandy, and King Hardrada of Norway planned to invade England. William was a distant relative of Edward, and was officially approved by the pope. William raised an army, invaded England, and defeated Harold at the battle of Hastings in 1066[-;37]. William ruled from 1066[-;38] to 1087[-;39]. He brought the feudal system to England from Normandy, but he modified it so that all vassals were subject directly to him. He granted smaller parcels of land to prevent consolidation of power. William used much of the Anglo-Saxon legal and military systems. Two main factions, the Normans and the Saxons, split England for several years. After William and his successors, England was ruled by a new line of kings, the Plantagenets. Henry II was first in the line of Plantagenet kings. The Plantagenets ruled England from 1154[-;40] to 1399[-;41]. Henry II has been called one of England’s greatest kings because of his extensive judicial reforms. Henry hoped that he could unify England by making the royal law the law of the land. This royal law was the foundation of English common law. English common law became the basis for most of the United States law, and legal procedures. Henry also initiated a circuit court system and developed the jury system that led gradually to the jury trial system. Henry II had difficulty with the church because he attempted to put clergy under common law and because his legal reforms interfered with the church court system. The culmination of Henry’s problem with the church was his argument with his friend and advisor Thomas a’ Becket over these church-state concerns. The murder of Becket by some of Henry’s knights brought public anger and hurt Henry’s attempt to unify England. Henry’s son, Richard the Lionhearted, spent so many years fighting in the Crusades that he had little affect on England as king. His cruel brother, John, plotted often to overthrow Richard between 1189[-;42] and 1199[-;43], but did not succeed. John finally took the throne when Richard died. His reign from 1199[-;44] to 1216[-;45] is often called the worst in English history. His cruelty led to defeat on all fronts. His wars with Philip Augustus lost most of the English holdings in France by 1214[-;46]. His disputes with the pope, led the pope to place England under interdict in 1208[-;47] and to excommunicate John in 1209[-;48]. His ruthless ways at home caused the English nobles to revolt in 1215[-;49]. At Runnymede in the year 1215[-;50], John was forced by his nobles to sign the Magna Carta (the Great Charter). The Magna Carta was a document which protected feudal rights and limited the power of the king by stating that even the king was under the rule of law. Before this time, the king was not bound by any law; he was the law. John did not honor the Magna Carta for long. The principles in the Magna Carta, however, influenced later developments such as fair trials, representative government, and taxation only by consent of the people. John’s refusal to abide by the Magna Carta led to further unrest. When John died in 1216[-51], he left a country torn by civil wars. The Plantagenet kings following John were largely responsible for the formation of English Parliament. Edward I, who reigned from 1272[-52] to 1307[-53], was the first to use Parliament effectively. He called together an assembly of people’s representatives made up of knights, nobles, clergy, and burgesses. Initially this group was called together to make monetary decisions, especially concerning taxes. In the beginning the representatives met as separate groups, knights meeting with nobles, clergy and burgesses meeting by themselves. In later years the clergy no longer joined the group. The knights and burgesses met together forming the basis for the House of Commons, and the nobles met together in what became known as the House of Lords. Edward I tried to conquer both Wales and Scotland. He succeeded in conquering Wales in 1284[-;54], but he could not conquer Scotland. The high cost of these wars forced him to collect money through taxes. This need for tax revenue led to the calling of Parliament. Edward II (1307[-;55]-1327[-;56]), Edward III (1327[-;57]-1337[-;58]), and Richard II (1377[-;59]-1399[-;60]), were the last Plantagenet rulers. Edward II and Edward III further developed Parliament making it an integral part of English government by the end of the fourteenth century. The Hundred Years’ War had taken its toll and continued beyond the Plantagenet reign. Richard II was only ten years of age when he took the throne. His uncle, John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, held the real power until Richard was of age. The costs of war, the unrest among the peasants that led to the Peasants Revolt of 1381[-61], and the seizure of John of Gaunt’s lands after his death made Richard unpopular. In 1399[-;62], Richard II was forced to abdicate when John of Gaunt’s son Henry of Bolingbroke led a revolt of nobles against the king. Henry of Bolingbroke became Henry IV, the first king of the House of Lancaster. His son, Henry V, was a strong king who reigned between 1413[-63] and 1422[-64]. Henry V fought bravely in the Hundred Years’ War and won the famous Battle of Agincourt in 1415[-;65]. After Henry V’s death, England again was torn by civil wars. When Henry died, his son was only nine months old, and was named Henry Vl. Before Henry VI came of age in 1437[-66], England had suffered severe losses in the Hundred Years’ War, and the country was dominated by rival factions, primarily by the Houses of Lancaster and York. Henry VI’s weak and disastrous reign led England into a second war that began just two years after England’s loss of the Hundred Years’ War. This new war lasted thirty years (1455[-67]-1485[-68]), and was called the Wars of the Roses because the red rose was the symbol of the House of Lancaster, and the white rose was the symbol of the House of York. The Wars of the Roses finally ended in 1485[-69] when Henry Tudor of the House of Lancaster defeated King Richard III in the battle of Bosworth Field. Henry Tudor became Henry VII and began the reign of the Tudor kings, a reign that lasted until 1603[-70]. Holy Roman Empire. In the kingdoms of Germany and Italy, strong monarchies did not develop as they did in England and France. Germany had the opportunity to establish a strong government but the choice to seek power and conquest prevented them from doing it. After the last Carolingian king of east Frankland died, the kingdom of Germany was split into four duchies. In 919[-71], a Saxon noble, Henry the Fowler became King Henry I. Henry I established a strong government and began to increase the territory of the kingdom of Germany. His son Otto, called Otto the Great, became one of the strongest kings in Europe. During his reign from 936[-72] to 973[-73], Otto created a united Germany by dominating the nobles. He stopped the Magyar and Slav invasions, and united German church leaders under his power. Once he had united Germany, Otto turned to Italy. On an expedition to Italy (961[-74]-964[-75]), Otto saved the pope, deposed the Italian king, and added north and central Italy to the German kingdom. In 962[-76], the pope crowned him Roman Emperor of the West, and Otto became the first emperor of what was called the Holy Roman Empire. This title gave Otto power not only over Italy and Germany, but also over the papacy. Otto and the German emperors who followed him became ambitious and desired to live as the Roman emperors had lived before them. While they wasted their efforts trying to hold the Italian states and to live as emperors, the German nobles regained power and established their own feudal states. Some of the strongest German kings could have reunited Germany, but the lure of Italian power kept them divided. One of the most famous kings, Frederick Barbarossa (Redbeard), first of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, extended the empire to Burgundy, Bohemia, Hungary, and Poland. His reign from 1152[-77] to 1190[-78] was successful, but he spent twenty-five years trying to reconquer Italian lands. Frederick died in Asia Minor on the Third Crusade. Spain and Portugal. After 711[-79] when the Muslims invaded Spain, civil wars split the Muslim factions. The Umayyad Kingdom of Cordoba became the center of culture and power in Spain from the eighth to the eleventh century. Tenth century Cordoba was the great intellectual center of Europe. Small groups of Christians had scattered during the Muslim invasions. After 711[-80] Christians fought both Muslims and other Christians and established small kingdoms. By the tenth and eleventh centuries independent Christian kingdoms were well established. Muslim power had begun to disintegrate. The Christian reconquest, or Reconquista, as it was called, began in the eleventh century and continued for nearly four hundred years. Rodrigo Diaz of Vivar, known as El Cid, was the great hero of the early Reconquista movement. He conquered the Muslims in Valencia in 1094[-81] and became its ruler until his death in 1099[-82]. In 1139[-83] Alphonso I of Portugal defeated the Muslims. Portugal was declared a free kingdom in 1143[-84]. In 1212[-85] the Spanish Christians defeated the Muslims in the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. All that remained under Muslim control was Granada. The Reconquista finally ended in 1492[-86] when Ferdinand and Isabella captured Granada. THE CHURCH The Roman Catholic Church of the High Middle Ages was one of the only unifying factors in Europe. Europe was often called Christendom because the church was so much a part of life. The church controlled many legal and political functions and during this period promised protection as well as salvation. People depended on the church first of all for salvation. Roman Catholics believed in certain basic doctrines, the most important of which were the seven sacraments: baptism confirmation penance the Holy Eucharist (Lord’s Supper) matrimony (marriage) holy orders extreme unction The sacraments covered every aspect of Roman Catholic life from birth with baptism to preparation for death with extreme unction. The sacraments were considered essential to salvation and could only be administered by clergy. The church structure was similar to earlier church structures. In the High Middle Ages, however, bishops were often upper class, equal to the nobles in wealth and power. Parish priests, especially in the villages, were often poorly educated, but were concerned with the salvation of their people. The church began to develop a more highly structured ritual, or liturgy. The liturgy was not the same all over Europe, but the essential Eucharistic ritual was central to it. Church fathers and later poets composed elaborate hymns for church services. Observance of religious festivals and special seasons increased. The church regulated certain aspects of warfare. Knights who killed innocent people or who pillaged churches or monasteries were banned from the sacraments in accordance with a document known as the Peace of God (990[-;87]). Another document, the Truce of God, prohibited fighting during certain religious seasons and on specified days of the week. The church courts tried those who ignored these rules as well as members of the clergy who were guilty of offenses. Heretics were also tried by church courts. A fear of heresy led to the creation of a court to search out and to try heretics. This court became known as the Inquisition. The church could impose severe penalties, such as interdiction and excommunication. The Church could also depose unfit rulers. Religious orders. The medieval church was not without controversies. The increased wealth of some church leaders and of some monasteries led to reforms from the tenth to the thirteenth centuries. The primary reforms were monastic. Many monasteries had become part of the feudal system, accepting lands in return for protection. The land brought further involvement with the world, along with wealth. Many monks, vowed to poverty, found this acquisition of land unacceptable and set out to find new, reformed orders with stricter rules. The monastery of Cluny, founded in 910[-;88], was such a reformed monastery. The monks of Cluny refused land grants that tied them to lay leaders. The movement spread, and Cluny eventually had 300 monasteries under the abbot at Cluny. These monks were responsible directly to the pope. Two other reform groups were the Carthusians, who lived as hermits, and the Cistercians, who were a stricter branch of the Benedictines and who were led in the early twelfth century by St. Bernard of Clairvaux (1091[-;89]-1153[-;90]). In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries new orders, known as mendicant orders, began to appear. The members of these monastic orders took vows of poverty and were forbidden to own property. They were supported by alms (begging). Two of these orders were begun by Francis of Assisi (1182[-;91]-1216[-;92]) and Dominic (1170[-;93]-1221[-;94]). These two men organized groups of friars, or brothers, who did not live in monasteries, but went out as missionaries, earning or begging for their food and shelter as they went. These orders, the Franciscans and the Dominicans, were founded to fight the spread of heresies. In addition to a vow of poverty, the friars’ rule forbade them to marry. Papacy. As papal powers and secular powers became more closely linked, problems arose between church and state in all matters. Both church and state claimed sovereign powers in cases that did not concern them, especially in legal matters. The outcome was usually determined by the stronger leader, either pope or king. From 962[-95] to 1149[-96], Otto the Great and the other emperors of the Holy Roman Empire, had declared themselves above the pope. They deposed and named popes at will. The Clunaic Reforms under Pope Leo IX (1049[-97]-1054[-98]) gave the papacy independence. Gregory III, who was pope from 1037[-99] to 1085[-100], tried to establish church authority over state authority by standing against the German emperors. Although he was driven from Rome, he established a precedent of opposition to the Germans which spurred future popes to similar action. Pope Innocent III had greater success over secular rulers during his papacy from 1198[-101]-1216[-102]. He was victorious over both Philip Augustus of France in 1198[-103], and King John of England in 1213[-104]. In the latter case, he forced John to pay tribute to the papacy and to acknowledge that England was a fief of the papacy. In the thirteenth century, Pope Gregory IX was unable to defeat Frederick II of Germany, but he created considerable opposition that led eventually to the downfall of the Hohenstaufens. In 1302[-105] Pope Boniface VIII (1294[-106]-1303[-107]) declared that all states were subject to the pope. This action resulted in controversy, especially with Philip the Fair in France, and led to the Avignon Captivity, a group of French popes who reigned in the city of Avignon from 1305[-108] to 1376[-109]. From 1378[-110] to 1417[-111], the Great Schism, an era when the church was ruled by two rival popes, dealt a severe blow to papal supremacy and severely split the church. The schism ended in 1417[-112] when the Council of Constance deposed both popes and elected a new pope, Martin V. Philosophy. One of the major intellectual developments to rise out of the church at this time was a serious study of philosophy. Medieval philosophy began to examine the relationship between faith and reason. The introduction of many of Aristotle’s works into medieval Europe combined with knowledge of church teachings led to the development of a religious philosophy known as Scholasticism. Scholasticism attempted to apply Aristotle’s logic to church teachings. The greatest scholastic philosopher was St. Thomas Aquinas, a Dominican who lived from about 1224[-113] to 1274[-114]. His twenty-one volume Summa Theologica carefully studies the relationship between faith and reason. Thomas spoke of reason and faith as gifts of God. He concluded that reason could understand certain truths and that faith perceived the truths of Christians, which could not be understood by reason. Scholasticism was not immediately accepted, but eventually Thomas’ works were adopted officially by the church. The Crusades. In the period from 1096[-;115] to 1291[-;116], eight Catholic Crusades were launched to drive the Muslim â€Å"infidels† from the Holy Land. The Crusades were military failures. They did, however, stimulate the growth of trade in Europe, which, in turn, led to the growth of cities, trade centers, and monetary systems. They also led to advances in armor and weaponry. The Crusades were very costly and many nobles were forced to sell their lands to finance military campaigns. This led eventually to a decline in the feudal system because the sale of the lands lessened the power of the lords, and it released the serfs who then moved into the towns. Major Crusades:| The First Crusade (1096[-;117]-1099[-;118]) called by Pope Urban II at request of the Byzantine emperor;| The Second Crusade (1147[-;119]-1149[-;120]) called by St. Bernard of Clairvaux at the request of Pope Eugenius II;| The Third Crusade (1189[-;121]-1192[-;122]) called by European leaders after the fall of Jerusalem;| The Fourth Crusade (1202[-;123]-1204[-;124]) called by Pope Innocent III;| The Fifth Crusade (1218[-;125]-1221[-;126]) called by Pope Innocent III;| The Sixth Crusade (1228[-;127]-1229[-;128]) led by Frederick II of the Holy Roman Empire;| The Seventh Crusade (1248[-;129]-1254[-;130]) called by Louis IX of France;| The Eighth Crusade (1270[-;131]-1272[-;132]) called by Louis IX of France. | The Crusades diminished the power of the church somewhat because they failed to defeat the â€Å"infidels. † The Crusades were responsible, however, for the growth of chivalric and monastic orders of knights, such as the Knights Templars, the Teutonic Knights, and the Knights Hospitalers. Three other Crusades are often mentioned. The first is the People’s Crusade of 1096[-133] composed of about fifty thousand peasants and their families who set out for Asia Minor. They pillaged their way through Europe and killed many Jews. Led by a man called Peter the Hermit, about twelve thousand reached their goal, only to be slaughtered by Turks. The second was the Children’s Crusade of 1212[-;134]. This Crusade led to disaster and was a tragic memory for families across the continent. Most of the idealistic children either died or were captured and sold as slaves. The third crusade was officially called by Pope Gregory in 1274[-;135] and would have been the Ninth Crusade, but it never began. Pope Gregory died in 1276[-;136] and preparation for the Crusade ceased. [-;0] – playwav:interdic. mp3 [-;1] – gameboard:group=1 [-;2] – gameboard:group=1 [-;3] – flashcards:group=1 [-;4] – flashcards:group=1 -;5] – timeline:year=987 [-;6] – timeline:year=1328 [-;7] – timeline:year=987 [-;8] – timeline:year=1108 [-;9] – timeline:year=1137 [-;10] – timeline:year=1180 [-;11] – timeline:year=1223 [-;12] – timeline:year=1200 [-;13] – timeline:year=1226 [-;14] – timeline:year=1270 [-;15] – timeline:year=1297 [-;16] – t imeline:year=1328 [-;17] – timeline:year=1338 [-;18] – timeline:year=1453 [-;19] – timeline:year=1429 [-;20] – timeline:year=1429 [-;21] – timeline:year=1431 [-;22] – timeline:year=1456 [-;23] – timeline:year=1429 -;24] – timeline:year=1453 [-;25] – timeline:year=1461 [-;26] – timeline:year=1483 [-;27] – timeline:year=1477 [-;28] – timeline:year=1016 [-;29] – timeline:year=1013 [-;30] – timeline:year=1014 [-;31] – timeline:year=1016 [-;32] – timeline:year=1016 [-;33] – timeline:year=1035 [-;34] – timeline:year=1042 [-;35] – timeline:year=1042 [-;36] – timeline:year=1066 [-;37] – timeline:year=1066 [-;38] – timeline:year=1066 [-;39] – timeline:year=1087 [-;40] – timeline:year=1154 [-;41] – timeline:year=1399 [-;42] – timeline:year=1189 -;43] – timeline:year=1199 [-;44] – timeline:year=1199 [ -;45] – timeline:year=1216 [-;46] – timeline:year=1214 [-;47] – timeline:year=1208 [-;48] – timeline:year=1209 [-;49] – timeline:year=1215 [-;50] – timeline:year=1215 [-;51] – timeline:year=1216 [-;52] – timeline:year=1272 [-;53] – timeline:year=1307 [-;54] – timeline:year=1284 [-;55] – timeline:year=1307 [-;56] – timeline:year=1327 [-;57] – timeline:year=1327 [-;58] – timeline:year=1337 [-;59] – timeline:year=1377 [-;60] – timeline:year=1399 [-;61] – timeline:year=1381 -;62] – timeline:year=1399 [-;63] – timeline:year=1413 [-;64] – timeline:year=1422 [-;65] – timeline:year=1415 [-;66] – timeline:year=1437 [-;67] – timeline:year=1455 [-;68] – timeline:year=1485 [-;69] – timeline:year=1485 [-;70] – timeline:year=1603 [-;71] – timeline:year=919 [-;72] – timeline:year=936 [-;73] – timel ine:year=973 [-;74] – timeline:year=961 [-;75] – timeline:year=964 [-;76] – timeline:year=962 [-;77] – timeline:year=1152 [-;78] – timeline:year=1190 [-;79] – timeline:year=711 [-;80] – timeline:year=711 -;81] – timeline:year=1094 [-;82] – timeline:year=1099 [-;83] – timeline:year=1139 [-;84] – timeline:year=1143 [-;85] – timeline:year=1212 [-;86] – timeline:year=1492 [-;87] – timeline:year=990 [-;88] – timeline:year=910 [-;89] – timeline:year=1091 [-;90] – timeline:year=1153 [-;91] – timeline:year=1182 [-;92] – timeline:year=1216 [-;93] – timeline:year=1170 [-;94] – timeline:year=1221 [-;95] – timeline:year=962 [-;96] – timeline:year=1149 [-;97] – timeline:year=1049 [-;98] – timeline:year=1054 [-;99] – timeline:year=1037 -;100] – timeline:year=1085 [-;101] – timeline:year=1198 [-;102] â₠¬â€œ timeline:year=1216 [-;103] – timeline:year=1198 [-;104] – timeline:year=1213 [-;105] – timeline:year=1302 [-;106] – timeline:year=1294 [-;107] – timeline:year=1303 [-;108] – timeline:year=1305 [-;109] – timeline:year=1376 [-;110] – timeline:year=1378 [-;111] – timeline:year=1417 [-;112] – timeline:year=1417 [-;113] – timeline:year=1224 [-;114] – timeline:year=1274 [-;115] – timeline:year=1096 [-;116] – timeline:year=1291 [-;117] – timeline:year=1096 [-;118] – timeline:year=1099 -;119] – timeline:year=1147 [-;120] – timeline:year=1149 [-;121] – timeline:year=1189 [-;122] – timeline:year=1192 [-;123] – timeline:year=1202 [-;124] – timeline:year=1204 [-;125] – timeline:year=1218 [-;126] – timeline:year=1221 [-;127] – timeline:year=1228 [-;128] – timeline:year=1229 [-;129] – timeline:year=1248 [- ;130] – timeline:year=1254 [-;131] – timeline:year=1270 [-;132] – timeline:year=1272 [-;133] – timeline:year=1096 [-;134] – timeline:year=1212 [-;135] – timeline:year=1274 [-;136] – timeline:year=1276 How to cite World History-High Middle Ages, Papers

Marketing analysis of Sony-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignement

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Marketing. Answer: Introduction Marketing is considered as the heart of any of the business activities or operations. The success and growth of the functionalities also depend on the same. These are the business processes or the activities which are concerned with making the availability of the goods and services to the consumers. Marketing is a very broader concept and comprises of a number of mechanisms, approaches, and theories which can be adapted by the business corporations for making the promotion and advertising (Bhasin. 2016). This creates awareness and also develops the interest in the minds of the consumers which motivates them to buy the product. The marketing concept is not limited only to the product reaches the consumers but it also comprises of the maintaining the relations with the consumers and providing them services if required and desired by them. With marketing, the business corporations can just offer the best quality of the products and the services but the consumers wont be able to know abo ut the products. The below-presented report has been executed on Sony which is Japanese multinational brand name and also the country on which the report will be made focused is India. The business corporation has diversification in the products range and which comprises of consumer and professional electronics, gaming, entertainment, and financial services (Ahmed. 2014).The further report has been analyzed on the evaluation of the marketing mix and also the effects of PESTEL on the marketing mix strategies employed by the business organization. Critical evaluation of marketing mix On the basis of the survey, it has been concluded that Sony is one of the most sought and Leading Manufacturing Corporation in the sector of communication, information technology products, gaming consoles and electronics for the potential and professional markets (Professionalacademy. 2017). This has helped the business to get developed into one of the richest and most likable company. The business corporation has focused its business activities on the electronics like AV/IT products gaming consoles and play stations, entertainment like music and motion pictures and also in banking and insurance sector. The company is an international brand and has the vast range of business activities. The entity is trying to leverage their uniqueness by adaption of the convergence strategy aggressively. The main aim of the business corporation is to influence and touch the potential customers by offering their unique products. Moreover, Sony has been making use of the marketing mix strategies for m aking the products available for the consumers and increase their satisfaction level (White pass. 2012). The below presented are the four prime elements of the marketing mix of Sony which has been employed by the business entity: Product: Product is the main or the prime factor for any of the business corporation, which plays a significant role in the success and growth of the business. The products define the brand of a company (Mudie and Cottam, 2010). The products of a company are not only in tangible form but also they are in the intangible form such as some of the entities are service based and same are the products of that company. The consumers choose the products on the basis of the satisfaction level which he will be getting from that product, whether the product is safe or not, the physical appearance of the product etc. The brand name Sony is well known for the premium and high quality of products. The company has been ranked as a leader in the entertainment sector and also most of the products are very much useful. The business organization provides a diverse range of products and due to which it has been successful in attaining a large number of customers around the globe and also the business or ganization also has been enjoying a huge market share in most of the developed and developing nations (Lovelock, 2011). A large number of consumers indicates more the goodwill and strong brand equity which is a plus point for the business corporation as per the future aspects. Sony has a wide range of diversity in the products which are mentioned as below: Television: LCD LED TV, projectors, CRD based televisions etc. Games: Gaming consoles and play stations Audio: Portable audio and music systems, music systems for automobiles with personalized navigation systems Mobile phones Computers, printers and other information systems and related accessories The company also offers a wide range of gaming consoles and play-stations which are used widely used for the purpose of entertainment. Moreover, the business corporations have introduced their personalized cards and Sony cards and these game winnings can be used for shopping proposes such as gift cards These cards are offered to the consumers after they had purchased any of the Sony products and also these reward cards are redeemable while purchasing in future. The business entity has also started selling of laptops which are easily found in various shapes, sizes, and qualities. Price: Price is the value of the product which is the consumer is expected to pay at the time of the product is purchased by him (Lusch and Vargo, 2014). This is one of the most influencing factors for the customer which develops a will to buy the product. Sony has developing pricing strategy of its product in a very strategic manner. For instance, the business corporation has been making use of the three-tier pricing strategy which has been targeted on the various segments of the consumers from the economy. The targeted segments are the economic buyers, the middle-class society, and the high-end buyers. The company adapts price skimming strategy whenever the business corporation launches the new product with some of the unique features. The skimming pricing strategy focuses a less number of consumers and has a high price for the products and the special and unique features. This strategy in whole provides an increase in the profits and also On the basis of a detailed survey it has b een observed that Sony launched its first high definition television in 1990 it priced it over $43,000 (sony.net. 2017).But later there was a decrease in the prices of the product in the year of 1993 till $6000. And also in the case, while the company launched Walkman the prices were high at the time of launching as compared to its competitors. And this has been proven beneficial to the business entity due to the performance; quality and brilliant sound deliver the products to the consumers which have ensured a high level of satisfaction. Also, the company has been ranked as the low-cost producer for many of the products this made it possible for them to have enough resources, which out showed their competitors. Place: The distribution channels and the mediums which are being used for making the products available to the consumers for their use. This has been considered as one of the most vital components which increases the satisfaction level of the consumers to some extent (Peter and Donnelly, 2011). As if the products are easily available to the consumers or they are feeling convenient in getting the products, then this will increase their satisfaction. This will be proven beneficial for the business corporation as this will tend the consumer to buy the product for the next time in future. Sony has been developing the marketing strategies and plans based on the distribution channels. Easy availability of the products to the consumers is the main concern of the business corporation (Hollensen, 2015). For instance in a country like India, where the consumers are more likely to buy more products which are long lasting and are more durable the distribution channels are considered as of very m uch significant and vital role. An approx. a number of over 7000 channel partners is the count of the distribution channels; moreover, there are more than 260 Sony stores and 21 branch locations in India. An approach of one level distribution channel has been made in use by the business corporation in this economy. Here, they useone level distribution channel. The entity has been in connection with big brand names for retail business and it does not have or restrictions to Dongsheng International Trade Co. Ltd, Front-Page Trade Co, Ltd, Best wholesale co. Ltd and Denzuke Network Sdn.Bhd. are some of the names from the retail industries by which the business entity is making the distribution of the products all over the country (Sheth and Sisodia, 2015). Moreover, other distribution channel is being used by the business corporation and which consists of the manufacturer, retailer and then the customers. They mainly practiceselective distributionof their products from very selective d ealers such as SONY WORLD. Promotions: Promotion has been considered as the key to successfully launching the product and making available till the target customers aware of the usefulness of the product is called promotion (Shahhosseini and Ardahaey, 2011). One of the biggest tools which have been considered as the most significant one for the execution of all the marketing activities is the promotion of the products and the services of the organization. Promotion of productsrelated details which are desired by the business organization (Christopher, Payne and Ballantyne, 2013. Advertisements and promotions are very much essential for a business organization as it helps in the development of the image of a specific product in the minds of the potential consumer. There are a number of mechanisms and tools which can be adapted by the business organization for executing the promotional events and campaign. The term promotion has a capability of impacting both the organization and the product (Lee and Kotler, 201 1). Promotions and advertisements directly affect the sales and profit of the business corporation and it is also beneficial for the consumers as it gives the necessary and relevant knowledge and develops awareness of the products for the consumers. And Sony Corporation has been making use of the advertisements and promotions in a very well manner. The business entity has been making use of tagline Make. Believewhich is very much successful in passing a message to unite initiatives across network services, electronics, mobile phones, music and movies (Anitsal, Girard and Anitsal, 2012). The promotions can be done by making use of various methods and tools such as the contemporary means which comprises of making use of internet and social media, ads in business magazines and newspapers etc. The tagline also defines and symbolizes the entities essence of innovation and creativity of the employees. Moreover to have a greater impact on the local public and customers the business corpora tion has been making use of a number of celebrities for the endorsement of their products. This a very influencing step by the entity because on the basis of executed survey it has been observed that the population is very much attracted towards the celebrities and also get easily influenced. For instance, the company has been making use of the faces of their products were big actors like Deepika Padukone and Kareena Kapoor in India. Currently, Katrina Kaif was announced as a brand ambassador of their smartphone range Xperia. Effects of PESTEL on marketing mix strategies The business environment comprises of the two main environmental factors which are very much essential for a business corporation and also play a vital role in the organizational structure and culture of the business corporation. Internal and external are the two business environments which are very much liable in influencing business and all the operational activities and strategies. The below mentioned are the effects of the pestle analysis which is significant for marketing mix strategies: Political:Theseetc. (Bolotaeva and Cata, 2010). These all factors are very much capable of influencing the marketing strategies of a business corporation. In the case of Sony if the governing bodies of India have brought some changes in the tax policies, then the company will be forced to bring a rise in the price of the products. This rise in the price will surely affect the sale of the company and products will be showing a decrease in the demand. The company will have to spend more on promotions and advertising. Economic factors:This is one more significant factor which is very much liable and capable of imposing various effects on the marketing strategies of the business organization (Yksel, 2012). The economic factor comprises of the economic stability of the economy, interest rates, exchange rates, inflation, the disposable income of the consumers etc. Moreover, the economic environment has a capability of impacting both the organizations production and the consumer's decision-making process (Laudon, Laudon and Brabston, 2011). For instance fluctuations in the inflation and also in the interest rate will force Sony to make changes in the prices of the products. Social and cultural forces: The society comprises of the consumers, the clients, the dealers and the suppliers which are considered as a very much essential part of a business organization. And as these are very much vital they are also capable of influencing the marketing and business strategies of a business entity (Pestle analysis. 2017). The demands or the buying patterns of the consumers, relationship with the clients and the suppliers or dealers can bring a very big effect on the marketing strategies. As after considering these factors the business entity needs to develop the marketing strategies. Moreover, the business entity should also be responsible towards the society, for instance, Sony should make elimination of those elements from the manufacturing and other operations which can be proven harmful to society. Technological factors:The machinery, mechanisms, equipments and the tools which are being used by the business entity are being considered under this factor. The potential, skills and the capabilities which have been applied to the manufacturing, processes and the technology and materials needed for the production of products and services will be having the impact on the operational activities of the business corporation (Pestle analysis. 2017). For instance, Sony has been making use of the latest means and mechanisms in all types of operational activities. And due to the use of the contemporary technology the business entity has attained a stable position in a market. Environmental forces:This element comprises of the environment which is, the natural resources etc (Wilson, R.M. and Gilligan, 2012). Environment degradation has become one of the biggest concepts for each and every business corporation and governing bodies has also imposed a number of rules and norms for controlling the same. The natural resources of the Earth such as forests, agricultural products, marine products, etc. must be taken care of. As these factors help the business organization for settling down as a responsible one in the eyes of the consumers and which in-turn will be proven beneficial. Legal: This factor comprises of the legal requirements within the business entity, such as health and safety of the employees, different types of standards such as manufacturing and advertising etc. (. 2015). If the entity has been following all the legal requirements then it will be having a smooth and flawless business and no impact on the marketing strategies. Macro environment has a vital impact on the growth and success of marketing strategies and campaigns, and therefore the above-mentioned factors should be considered very much relevant and significant while the decision-making process of a strategic marketer. Strategic recommendations As the business corporation has been ranked as a well-known brand name in its sector. The business corporation has been affected by the environmental factors by many ways and the below mentioned are strategic recommendations for the same: The business entity should implement some standards, limits laws and norms which should be the concern of restrictions over the use of the natural resources and energy (Hoffman and Bateson, 2010). Some alternatives or substitutes should be made in use such as solar energy or wind energy should be used for more instead of water or electricity. There should be control over the emission of the greenhouse gases and other pollutants (Keller, Parameswaran and Jacob, 2011). Some of the modern mechanisms and tools should be implemented in the manufacturing and other activities through which pollution can be caused. The mobile phones have become a big danger for humanity as the vibrations emitted by them are a reason for a number of heart and other serious medical issues (Lee and Carter, 2012). So the company should make use of some tools or systems which should aid in the reduction of such vibrations. Conclusion In the limelight of the above-executed analysis, it has been inferred that marketing is a way broader concept and which is not only concerned with the selling or marketing of products. It also comprises of after sales services, establishing strong bonds with the consumers which will be proven very much beneficial for the business organization for the longer term. Moreover, Sony is the brand name of which the analysis has been executed in India. The analysis comprises of the critical evaluation of the marketing mixes and also the impacts of PESTEL analysis on the marketing strategies of the business entity. Further, a set of strategic recommendations has also been provided for the environmental changes which have been faced by the business organization. References Bhasin, H, 2016, Marketing Mix of Sony- Sony marketing mix, Assessed on 13th June 2017, https://www.marketing91.com/marketing-mix-sony/. Ahmed, G, 2014, How marketing macro environmental factors affect business strategy, Assessed on 14th June 2017, https://www.studylecturenotes.com/mba-marketing/how-marketing-macro-environmental-factors-affect-business-strategy. Professionalacademy, 2017, Marketing theories, - PESTEL ANALYSIS, Assessed on 14th June 2017, https://www.professionalacademy.com/blogs-and-advice/marketing-theories---pestel-analysis. Writepass, 2012, Sony PESTLE analysis, Assessed on 14th June 2017, https://writepass.com/journal/2012/12/sony-pestle-analysis/. Mudie, P. and Cottam, A., 2010.Management and marketing of services. Routledge. Lovelock, C., 2011.Services Marketing, 7/e. Pearson Education India. Peter, J.P. and Donnelly, J.H., 2011.Marketing management: knowledge and skills: text, analysis, cases, plans. Plano: Business pub., INC. Lusch, R.F. and Vargo, S.L., 2014.The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Sheth, J.N. and Sisodia, R.S., 2015.Does marketing need reform?: Fresh perspectives on the future. Routledge. Shahhosseini, A. and Ardahaey, F.T., 2011. Marketing mix practices in the cultural industry.International Journal of Business and Management,6(8), p.230. Lee, N.R. and Kotler, P., 2011.Social marketing: Influencing behaviors for good. Sage. Anitsal, I., Girard, T. and Anitsal, M.M., 2012. An Application of Services Marketing Mix Framework: How do Retailers Communicate Information on Their Sales Receipts?,.Business Studies Journal,4(2), pp.77-90. Bolotaeva, V. and Cata, T., 2010. Marketing opportunities with social networks.Journal of Internet Social Networking and Virtual Communities,2010, pp.1-8. Yksel, I., 2012. Developing a multi-criteria decision making model for PESTEL analysis.International Journal of Business and Management,7(24), pp.52-66. sony.net, 2017, Overview of Sony environmental impact, Assessed on 14th June 2017, https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/csr_report/environment/management/overview/. Pestleanalysis, 2017, What pestle stands for in marketing, Assessed on 14th June 2017, https://pestleanalysis.com/pestle-in-marketing/. Pestleanalysis, 2017, Where and how to apply PESTLE analysis, Assessed on 14th June 2017, https://pestleanalysis.com/pestle-analysis-in-a-marketing-plan/. Adjonyo, N, 2015, Critical analysis of the article marketing mix revisited towards the 21st century marketing, Assessed on 14th June 20147, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273765680_Critical_Analysis_the_article_Marketing_Mix_Revisited_Towards_the_21st_Century_Marketing. Hoffman, K.D. and Bateson, J.E., 2010.Services marketing: concepts, strategies, cases. Cengage learning. Keller, K.L., Parameswaran, M.G. and Jacob, I., 2011.Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and managing brand equity. Pearson Education India. Lee, K. and Carter, S., 2012.Global marketing management. Oxford University Press. Wilson, R.M. and Gilligan, C., 2012.Strategic marketing management. Routledge. Laudon, K.C., Laudon, J.P. and Brabston, M.E., 2011.Management information systems(Vol. 8). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Christopher, M., Payne, A. and Ballantyne, D., 2013.Relationship marketing. Taylor Francis. McDonough, M, 2017, Components of pestle analysis, Assessed on 16th June 2017, https://www.brighthubpm.com/project-planning/51754-components-of-a-pestle-analysis/.